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Kaljenje

Kaljenje je proces termičke obrade koji se uglavnom koristi za čelike radi povećanja tvrdoće, čvrstoće i otpornosti na habanje. Metal se zagreva iznad svoje kritične temperature (obično 750–900°C, u zavisnosti od sadržaja ugljenika) dok struktura ne postane austenit. Zatim se brzo hladi (gasi) u vodi, ulju, polimernom rastvoru ili na vazduhu.

Brzo hlađenje pretvara austenit u martenzit, koji je veoma tvrd, ali krt. Nakon kaljenja obično sledi popuštanje.

Vrste peći koje se koriste:

  • Električna mufolna peć
  • Komorna peć
  • Indukciona peć
  • Peć sa solnom kupkom

Primena:

Rezni alati, kalupi, zupčanici, vratila, ležajevi

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